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Avraham Gombiner
Abraham Abele Gombiner (Hebrew: אברהם אבלי הלוי גומבינר) (c. 1635 – 5 October 1682), known as the Magen Avraham, born in Gąbin (Gombin), Poland, was a rabbi, Talmudist and a leading religious authority in the Jewish community of Kalish, Poland during the seventeenth century. His full name is Avraham Avli ben Chaim HaLevi from the town of Gombin. There are texts that list his family name as Kalisch after the city of his residence.〔Some accounts of his life confuse the town of Gombine, Russia with a similar named town in Prussia. The Russian town is the correct town.〕 After his parents were killed in the Chmielnicki massacres of 1648, he moved to live and study with his relative in Leszno, Jacob Isaac Gombiner.
He is known to scholars of Judaism for his ''Magen Avraham'' commentary on the ''Orach Chayim'' section of Rabbi Joseph Karo's ''Shulchan Aruch'', which he began writing in 1665 and finished in 1671. His brother Yehudah traveled in 1673 to Amsterdam to print the work, but did not have the needed funds, and died on the journey. It was not published until 1692 by Shabbethai Bass in Dyhernfurth after Rabbi Gombiner’s death. His son Chaim wrote in the preface to the work that his father was frequently sick and suffered pain and discomfort.
==Debate over name of the book==
Gombiner's son Chaim named the book ''Magen Avraham'', using his father's name in the title. His father's students mentioned to him that they asked his father how he will name his book and he answered ''Ner Yisrael'' ("Lamp of Israel") (abbreviation: נר יפה של רבי אברהם הלוי) . Apparently, because of humility he did not want to integrate his name in the book. However, his son wanted to perpetuate his father's name in the title by linking it to the commentary of the ''Taz'' - ''Magen David'', so he published his father's work under the title ''Magen Avraham''.
In his commentary, ''Meʼore or'' (published in metz 1819), ''Aaron ben Abraham Worms'' (1754-1836), criticizes him for titling the book with the name of god and referencing the closing of the first blessing in the amidah. However, in his book, ''or hachaim'' pp. 38, Chaim Michael states that there is no basis for his critique and its all empty talk.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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